Japan is a country steeped in tradition and natural beauty. One of its most cherished customs is the onsen. Onsen translates to hot spring in Japanese, a traditional thermal bath with a history that extends back centuries.
Onsens have been an integral part of Japanese culture for over a thousand years. The earliest references to hot springs appear in ancient texts like the "Nihon Shoki" (Chronicles of Japan) from the 8th century. Initially, onsens were considered sacred spaces where the natural thermal waters were believed to have healing properties bestowed by the gods. These hot springs were often located near Shinto shrines or Buddhist temples and used for purification rituals. Over the centuries, onsens evolved into popular public bathing spots, attracting people from all walks of life seeking relaxation and health benefits.
Types of Onsen
Onsens can be classified based on their mineral composition and setting, each offering unique experiences and benefits.
By Mineral Composition
- Sulfur Onsen: Recognized for their distinctive (and less than fresh) smell, sulfur onsens are believed to help with skin ailments, respiratory problems, and high blood pressure.
- Sodium Chloride Onsen: These salty hot springs are said to alleviate muscle aches, joint pain, and rheumatism.
- Hydrogen Carbonate Onsen: Known for their skin-smoothing properties, these onsens are also said to benefit those with digestive issues.
- Iron Onsen: Characterized by their reddish-brown color, iron-rich onsens are thought to be beneficial for anemia and fatigue.
By Setting
- Rotenburo (Open-air Onsen): These outdoor baths are typically set in picturesque natural surroundings, offering breathtaking views and a serene atmosphere.
- Indoor Onsen: Found in ryokan (traditional inns) or public bathhouses, indoor onsens provide a controlled environment shielded from the elements.
- Ashiyu (Foot Bath): These shallow pools are designed for soaking feet and are often found in public spaces, allowing for a quick and convenient onsen experience.
Onsen Etiquette
Experiencing an onsen requires adherence to specific etiquette to ensure a respectful and enjoyable experience for all visitors.
Cleanse Thoroughly: Before entering the onsen, use the shower provided to wash yourself before entering the hot spring. The Japanese call this process: Kakeyu (掛け湯). This allows your body to prepare for the change in temperature. Kakeyu is also useful for removing any traces of sweat, keeping the communal bath more hygienic for all.No Swimwear: Bathing suits are typically not permitted. Bathers should use a small towel for modesty while walking to the bath but must leave it outside the water. Some modern spas do allow for bathing suits, but is always better to check the rules before entering.
Towel Usage: Do not place your towel in the onsen water. Instead, leave it on the side or place it on your head.
Submerge up to the shoulder: Your hair should not be immersed in the water. If you want to wash your hair, it should be done in the shower area, before entering the baths.
No photos: In a place where everyone is wearing their birthday suit, this one is self-explanatory – yet trust us, there is a reason to quote this one…
No eating or drinking: Eating and/or drinking while soaking may be common while soaking in a private bathtub or Jacuzzi, but that is not allowed in an onsen. There are some few places that make exceptions to this rule, and again is always best to check the local rules.
Quiet Environment: Maintain a quiet and peaceful atmosphere by speaking softly and avoiding loud or disruptive behavior.
Tattoo Policy: Traditionally, tattoos were associated with the yakuza (Japanese organized crime) and were not allowed in onsens. However, many modern establishments are becoming more accommodating. It is best to check the onsen's policy in advance.
Shower area
There are over 27,000 hot springs and over 3,000 spas in Japan. The Japanese archipelago is volcanic, which always provided abundant hot waters for bathing.
Some of the most popular Onsen include:
- Noboribetsu onsen in Hokkaido,
- Nyutu onsen kyo in Akita,
- Takayu onsen in Fukushima,
- Kasatsu onsen in Gunma
- Okushiobara onsen in Tochigi.
In Japanese hot springs, there is more than just the bath itself. There is often accommodation and food. The traditional Japanese onsen is more than just a bath, it is a cultural experience that offers relaxation, health benefits, and a deep connection to Japan's natural beauty. Next time you find yourself in Japan, don't miss the chance to soak in the soothing waters of an onsen and embrace the tranquility it offers.